Business plan for men skin care

I hope that the loan application will be approved as soon as possible -We really appreciate and we are grateful towards your consideration of approving our loan, as we look forward to hear from you soon. Thank you Yours Truly, 2. Executive Summary The Retro Skincare is a new business providing high-quality, full service distribution of skincare products specialty in moisturizing skin products and whitening product. Our product supplier is Reuben Skinner Company. Reuben Skinner Company is the sole manufacturer of the skincare product and located in Saba.In particular, what really sets up apart is that we are the ONLY full service distribution company servicing the skincare products around Slang Valley. In addition, Reuben Skinner Company has an exclusive contract to distribute a new, groundbreaking product that loud enable us to gain immediate access to a majority of the potential customer base. The principal owner is Subheadings, experience brings office management, high levels of cu stomer service, and over 20 years in distribution and sales management.At this time we are seeking additional equity capital to compliment our own investment and are seeking to arrange a bank line for inventory and receivables financing. Having firm commitments to distribute several high-quality new age skincare products we plan to distribute our first products within 30-60 days of finalizing financial arrangements. Our target customers are men located in urban areas and retailers. Our targeted end user is between the ages of 24 and 65. They are urban professionals with at least some college.Pricing of our products are ranging from ARM 17- ARMS per unit. 3. Introduction Reuben Skinner Company to customers in Malaysia. This will accomplished through a combination of company- owned retail outlet and wholesale distribution. The Retro Skincare will purchase product directly from manufacturer to eliminate the middle man and allows us to operate on a 25-30% profit margin, while providing our customers with competitive prices. The proposed location for Retro Skincare is Clan Marrow, Bangs. The principal owner is Subheadings.Distinguishing characteristics of our business will be the combination of management experience, sales and distribution experience, high- quality, innovative products and exceptional customer service. 4. Business Objectives and Mission 4. 1 . Objective To open and operate a successful skincare product distributorship in the Slang Valley market, employing three to five employees the first year. To obtain a minimum of 100 regular customers in the skincare market the first year of operation. Achieve first year ales of ARM 40,000. Maintain an average gross margin of 25 percent.To produce a net profit of at least OROMO,OHO by the end of the third year of operation. 4. 2. Mission The Retro Skincare intends to become a recognized distributor of specialty skincare products and spreading it around Slang Valley. The Retro Skincare plans to develop strong re lationships with key customers so we will be viewed as indispensable partners, rather than Just another supplier. The Retro Skincare will seek out and work with the manufacturers we represent to deliver the most innovative and exciting products possible to the customers we serve.We are not only selling product, we are selling service. † 5. 1. Industry Description and Analysis Skincare is one of the largest industry in the world. Technological advancement in the skin care market combined with development of innovative products contributing to the growth of skin care industry. The increasing demand for anti-ageing products and growing concern for the use of natural and organic skin care products are the major factors driving the skin care industry. In estimation, Malaysian annually spend an estimated ARM 3. Million on skincare products and cosmetics. By reason of lath awareness and aggressive product branding, consumers spend large amount of their income in buying skin care prod ucts. Malaysian skincare concerns include the heat and humidity of the climate, the drying effect of skin, stress and lightening the skin and areas of hyper pigmentation, acne, and the effect of aging on the skin. These concerns translate into strong prospects for skincare products and remain in broad consumption across all age and income groups in Malaysia.International brands such as Lance, L'Oreal Paris, Lola, Esteem Lauder, Clique and Sheikdom play a dominant role in the upper-end market of Malaysia. Imported products are highly in demand as most of the middle and high-income earners associate imported products with higher quality than local brands. The cosmetic giants still hold a dominant position in this industry and they will most likely continue to. But they have realized the need to acquire new brands and to keep their affiliation in the background. In recent year, names like Grainier, Dashing men, Naive have been acquired as local skin care products.This strategy indicate s that a few of the traditional big players recognize the benefits, for themselves and the industry, of emerging niche brands. 5. 2. Industry Trend Rapid arbitration in Malaysia resulted in strong demand for skin care products from both men and women. Sales for 2013, the most recent year available, were up to 45 percent, almost double the industry average of 20 percent. Soap is losing popularity as a facial skincare product, with the proportion of female users falling from 58% in 2008 to around (36%) in 2013.Due to skin dryness, women are attracted with emergence of facial and skin care products such as cleanser and moisturizing cream which make their skin healthy. At earlier, there are no skin care products use facial skincare products than women. Men's reactive approach to their skincare regime is the biggest challenge facing the industry Nowadays, men consumers can find some brand new skincare products of men almost in all grocery shops and supermarkets. An increasing number of c onsumers exposed to wide variety of skin care products like skin care products enhanced with collagen and other natural ingredients.Due to increasing disposable incomes and stronger consumer purchasing confidence in 2012, strong demand was seen for skin care products, particularly mass brands, since consumers could afford them to enhance or maintain their skin condition. Malaysian favor nature-inspired products mainly. If current trend play out as expected, the business of skin care products for men will become increasingly consolidated among other industry. The unique properties of men's skin need to be addressed in these new products (smaller sebaceous glands, oily skin, thicker skin etc. So that the products work effectively and the user experiences noticeable results more rapidly. 6. Market Segmentation Research 6. 1 . Market Analysis Summary The demand for man's skin care products are certainly on the rise as men are paying more attention to their appearance. According to resea rch conducted by Retro Skincare, six in 10 (65%) Malaysian men consider their appearance important and almost (48%) admit what they want to look attractive and well groomed. Just 15% of men admit that while it is acceptable for women to use skincare products, it is not acceptable for men to use such products.Highlighting the growing importance of the men's facial skincare market, today, as many as 7% of men admit to spending a lot of time on their facial skincare routine. Research highlights more than four in ten (42%) men use shaving lotions and almost a quarter (22%) use facial cleanser. 12% of men SE eye cream and gels , 17% use anti ageing products and 7% use moisturizer. While many of the nation's men are adopting a regular skincare regime, it remains that a lower proportion of men use facial skincare products than women.Men's reactive approach to their skincare regime is the biggest challenge facing the industry. Encouraging men to adopt a more preventative approach to their s kin's demographic changes in both mature and emerging markets: an increased number of men employed in the sector of services, increased competition in the workplace, ageing baby boomers eager to stay stylish, and the young generation influenced by hanging standards of male beauty. New entrants on the markets, as well as technologically advanced products, expanded lines, and innovative packaging are also stimulating sales. . 2. Market Segmentation To keep up with demand, the men's skin care market is becoming more segmented and expanding into new categories and claims. Generally, skin care market for male can be segmented based on four main segments: geographic, demographic, cryptographic and behavior. For the purpose of this analysis we are focusing solely on the male market. New research from Minute reveals that beauty and personal care munches specifically targeted at men have increased globally by 70% over the past six years (2007-2012).Its stated the market for facial skincare h as increased an impressive 20% in the last five years alone, valued at El,l billion in 2012, the market is set to reach a beautiful El,2 billion in 2017. L. Demographic: Retro Skincare target market is the retailers who have established relationships with consumers and the consumers themselves. We are essentially the distributing arm for these retailers. Our market research indicates about 46 potential retailers within a 1 to 25 mile radius of our location, who currently sell our competitors reduces. Our target retailers are drugstores and pharmacies.Another target market is men (end user). There are 30,001 ,710 individuals in Malaysia and 5,315,008 are male adults 18 to 65, which are our target consumer market. They are urban professionals with at least some college. This consumer has an active lifestyle. They are concerned about social and environmental issues. Mind and body wellness are important to them. Sales have been sustained as increasing numbers of young men are interested in capturing the stylish looks of media stars while older men have paid more attention to keep their skin younger as their younger days.Therefore, older men will give more attention to anti-aging products while young men will look for skin whitening products and moisturizer. Some youngsters will opt for acne free skin products. Our products can be used by any group of incoming level. Malaysia's men working under heat weather will buy sun block and skin care product which lighten the skin and areas of hyper pigmentation. Demographic factors such as the rising number of single-occupancy households, as consumers delay committing to marriage and children, have led to a growing number of men doing their own shopping, with ore disposable income to spend on themselves.Retro Skincare found out that single customers purchase a certain product more frequently than married people. II. Geographic: Men in different climatic conditions and with different skin colors will have with higher moistur e content. They also more inclined to whitening function products. High portions of the target market for Retro Skincare products are in urban areas with the population that desire to buy skincare products. Our main target geographic area will be KILL and Clangor because both states hold the largest number of men also have more urban areas.So our geographically targeted location to market our skincare product is in Bangs, KILL Central, Wants Major, Cubans and Among. We analyses, and came up with a conclusion that these areas will be best place to promote and market our Retro Skincare products. 6. 3. Competitors The skin care market is very broad. It includes products labeled as body cream, shower cream, cleanser, moisturizer, day cream, after shave and etc. Our market positioning will be in the lower price quadrant of high quality natural products.While there are other companies that distribute variety of skin care products, there are no main business in Malaysia focuses exclusively on the men's skin care product market as Retro Skincare. This will provide considerable flexibility in pricing and allow for the creation of great deal of customer awareness and brand loyalty, erecting significant barriers to entry for potential competitors. However there are some businesses offering men's skincare products as minor part of their businesses. Our primary competitors for men skincare products are: 7. L'Oreal Paris 8. Grainier 9. Naive 10.Clean 11. Their shortcoming is that they contain more chemicals than the natural herbs and ingredients of our company Retro Skincare products. Our main wholesale competitors will be power retailers who merge the specialty store concept with the discount store's emphasis on price. These retail warehouses are large stores with products displayed on metal racks in a warehouse setting. There are two distinct types of retail warehouses, the first being a membership and the second a consumer store which is open to the general public. Their shortcoming as with other competitors is service.Buyers must travel to them to pick up their goods. Some of the power retailers have Just begun to offer delivery services, which is helping retailers to appreciate the value of using a distributor like our company Retro Skincare. 7. Competitive Forces, Strategies and Risk Assessment 7. 1. Competitive Forces There are 5 competitive forces as following and the weak and strong determine how strong each of the competitive forces in our business is: Large amount of capital required High retaliation possible from existing companies, if new entrants would bring innovative products and ideas to the industry.Therefore we are introducing groundbreaking product 2. Supplier power (Weak): Supplier located in another state Saba. They are not currently available for wholesale distribution in Slang Valley The supplier supply in larger scale Products are widely accessible Supplier do not pose any threat of forward integration There are many suppliers who can supply different brand of skincare products 3.Buyer power (Strong): There are many skin care products buyers: urban area professionals, skin problematic customers Most of the buyers are individuals that buy one brand of product and can bargain for lower prices Buyers tend to switch to another brand of skincare product or to start using it Buyers can easily choose different skincare reduces based on their skin need Buyers are price and benefit sensitive and their decision is often based on how much does a product will cost them with a benefit of it 4.Threat of Substitutes (Weak): There are many alternative types of skincare products, such as soap, traditional products (aloe Vera) Substitutes can rarely offer the same convenience Alternative types of skincare products almost always cost less and sometimes are more natural and less chemical 5.Competitive Rivalry (Very Strong): Moderate number of competitors If a firm would decide to leave an industry it would incur huge losses , so most of the mime it either bankrupts or stays in skincare industry for the lifetime Industry is very large but matured Size of competing firm's vary but they usually compete for different consumer segments Customers are loyal to their brands 7. 2. Strategies for competitive advantage Cost Leadership We will improve our business cost to lower than our competitor to sell our skincare products. We have lowest cost of delivery service, cost of staff and staff wages and other.Differentiation We offer and selling only one brand of skincare product. This makes us easier and convenient for us to promote and sell it. Only full service distribution company in skincare market around Slang Valley. Our products are male oriented, which harder to get in market We has strategic location of distributing store Retro skincare products has beautiful design for exterior packaging and promotions Brightening serum for male is unique Operational Effectiveness full delivery service in 24 hour of avail ability We had implemented good leadership to our staff in order to became successful distributing company in future.The combined experience of the principal owners brings upper office management skills, high levels of customer service, and over 20 years in distribution and sales management. Customer Orientation Individualized customer service – providing our customers with what they want, when and how they want it. Free samples of new product for the customers Lower cost with quality product Fully integrated programs to help customers increase sales through menu development, creative promotions, advertising, and custom marketing material.Key personnel will stay in contact with our customers, and will be able to respond to changes in this market much faster than our competitors. 7. 3. Risk Assessments We had analyses that of strategic to sell our skincare product for male is good cause it has less competitor and the market is growing slowly. Risk from loses will be reduced if our company product sale is increased. Moreover we have good better promotion strategic without reducing our product sale profits.Based on our current analysis we find out that we has medium or lower than medium risk levels to sell our product in Slang Valley area. 8. Product 8. 1 . Description and Concepts The brand name is â€Å"Skinner†. The products are natural with less use of chemicals. The products will be delivered to customers or retailers in overnight shipping, on-site revive and 24- hour availability after the purchase is made. Our underlying rationality in choosing products is to select outlines that bring reliable quality, competitive prices and product satisfaction to our customers. We have personally quality we ensure.The primary products to be distributed through Retro Skincare will be as the following with the price stated: All the products are came in gig except shampoo and conditioner will be 100 ml. 8. 2. Features and Advantages Other service provided for customer and retailers: Free delivery, customer service ND consultation Retro Skincare will make these same products which available through wholesale sellers available through our excellent, full delivery service by sending these products directly to their doorstep at a competitive price Orders in bulk will be sold for customer carryout or delivery.Easy to use because the directions are written on each of the product itself and small template is provided to let customers know the benefit of these products and how to use it. These products are offered according to men's different skin type and they can choose to buy the product according to their skin need. For example there are 3 types of cleanser offered by Retro Skincare: Acne free, sensitive skin and Hydra Energetic. All the creams can last long for 2 months of usage.

Nutrition and Diet Therapy Essay

As one can see from this table, my calorie consumption was consistently under or at the maximum limit that Supertracker set for me. Compared to the first food journal and diet analysis that I completed this is a drastic  change for the better. I followed my own recommendation to decrease my daily caloric intake from the first diet analysis. As you may recall from my first diet analysis, I exceeded my total calories limit for each of the five days; one day I consumed over 2500 calories. I was proud to see that I was capable of making such a healthy change by using a little self-control. c) According to the â€Å"five-hundred rule†, in order to lose or gain one pound of body fat per week, one must have a difference of 500 kcalories either way (500 more to gain, 500 less to lose) than the body uses per day for 7 days. This adds up to a difference of 3500 kcalories in order to lose a pound (Lutz & Przytulski, 2011). For day one, I consumed 561 kcalories less than my limit of 180 0 kcal. On day two, I ate 789 kcal less than my limit and burned 822 kcal by biking. On day three, again I ate 565 kcal less than my limit and burned 822 kcal by biking. I ate 480 kcal less than my body used on day four. However, day five consisted of almost the full 1800 kcal (1795 exactly) consumed and expended. For the whole week, this adds up to a difference of 4,044 kcal. In other words, I lost a little over a pound during the week of 10/7-10/11 because I ate 2400 kcal less than my body used and burned 1644 kcal by means of physical activity. As you may recall, I did not engage in any physical activity during the first diet analysis, so doing so played a large role in my success. d)  (United States Department of Agriculture). In comparing the meal summary reports from diet analysis one to diet analysis two, I see that I ate less overall during the time period for diet analysis two. For a couple of the days, I didn’t eat very much for dinner and for almost all for the days, I decreased my portion sizes. For example, on 10/10, I only ate one slice of French toast for breakfast. Before I completed my first diet analysis and recommendations, I might have eaten two or three slices at a time. Also, I ate less fast food during the second diet analysis compared to the first; this fulfills another recommendation (decrease fast food intake). Likewise, I can see in this meal summary that I made the effort to eat fruits and vegetables—another recommendation fulfilled. e) I did indeed change my physical activity for this diet analysis. I rode my bike two nights out of the five for an hour each time. This is an improvement compared to my complete lack of physical activity  during the first diet analysis. I think I made the change because of how awful it looked on paper to not have exercised at all for almost a full week. Additionally, it felt good to be doing something healthy for my body and I’m glad I made the effort. f) The three foods highest in kcalories are listed in the table below: Food Number of kcal Macaroni and cheese 672 Chili with beef, beans, and cheese 635 Chicken pot pie 486 From the first diet analysis, the following were the foods highest in kcal and their number of kcal: Food Number of kcal Double cheeseburger 748 Burrito 628 Potato salad 525 Comparing the two, I see that my food with the highest number of calories for diet analysis two was lower than the food with the highest number of calories from diet analysis one. In other words, I improved in that the foods that I consumed for diet analysis two were not quite as high in caloric count. g) I could still use some tips and guidance as to how to reduce the number of calories that I consume in order to continue to meet caloric recommendations. So, upon researching the topic, I found that according to an article by Harms et al. (2012), there are two simple ways of reducing the number of calories in one’s diet. First, eliminating food items that are high in calories and replacing them with food items that are low in  calories can make a big difference in one’s total calorie count. For instance, I could eliminate about 136 calories for every time that I replace a can of Coke for a bottle of sparkling water. This concept and recommendation is more appealing to me and has a better chance of success than my earlier recommendation from diet analysis one of simply eliminating Coke. Another example of an exchange that I could make is switching from 2% milk to skim milk in order to cut the calories in half while still receiving the beneficial nutrients of milk like calcium and vitamin D (Harms, R. W. et al. 2012). The second way that I could reduce my total calorie count is by reducing the sizes of the portions of food that I am consuming. In the article by Harms et al. (2012), there is a good reminder that as the serving size is increased, the total number of calories increases; so, if I eat double or triple the serving size, I am also eating double or triple the total calories. As I stand right now, I do not read food labels. However, if I would read the food labels of the foods that I eat in order to discover the true serving size and calorie count, I am sure that I would be enlightened. An example of a reduced serving size for me could be eating a 4 inch pancake instead of a 6 inch pancake, eliminating more than half of the calories consumed (Harms, R. W. et al. 2012). Reducing portion sizes was also a recommendation from my first diet analysis, yet I did not know the impact it could have on my calorie count. Another step I can take in reducing the total number of calories that I am consuming is by not skipping meals. As I look at my first diet analysis as well as my second one, I can see where I skipped meals just drinking a glass of milk for breakfast or a can of Coke or a bottle of water for lunch or dinner. This is not a wise choice. Skipping meals makes a person hungrier, in turn making it more difficult to limit portion sizes and make healthy food choices at the next meal. Instead, filling up on foods that are high in fiber and water like fruits, vegetables, and soups can help with satiety while controlling and reducing caloric intake. References 5 ways to cut 500 calories from your diet. (2013). Retrieved from http://www.boston.com/lifestyle/health/gallery/500_calories?pg=6 Harms, R. W., Berge, K. G., Hagen, P. T., Litin, S. C., Sheps, S. G., Edwards, B. S., †¦ Pruthi, S. (2012, June 19). Counting calories: getting back to weight loss basics. Retrieved from http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/calories/WT00011/NSECTIONGROUP=2 Lutz, C. A. & Przytulski, K. R. (2011). Nutrition and diet therapy (5th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: F. A. Davis Company United States Department of Agriculture. (n.d.). Meal summary report. Retrieved from https://www.supertracker.usda.gov/MealSummaryReport.aspx

International Terrorism and Global Politics Essay

In the 21st century, it would seem that the term â€Å"terrorist† has become an all encompassing description of anyone whom civilized people feel is a threat to innocent civilians, domestic tranquility, and the everyday life that most people take for granted. Government officials declare â€Å"war on terrorism† and the like. Expanding upon, and deviating from the typical definition of a terrorist, Charles W. Kegley’s 2002 edition, The New Global Terrorism: Characteristics, Causes, Controls, contains a chapter entitled â€Å"Is There a Good Terrorist? †, which asserts that one nation’s terrorist may fairly be considered another nation’s patriot. This paper will maintain the argument that no terrorist is a â€Å"good terrorist†, in contrast to the presentation of Kegley in his volume. Defining Terrorism To begin, a valid argument can be made against so-called â€Å"good† terrorists by establishing a baseline definition of terrorism. In some of his other writings, Kegley has maintained that one of the problems in condemning terrorists is that the act of terrorism itself is so hard to define; in other words, as was mentioned previously, a terrorist may not be considered a terrorist by everyone, because ultimately, some group of people or nation is supposedly benefitting from the terror inflicted on another group. However, by fine tuning the definition of a terrorist, it will be possible to reinforce and build upon the argument of this paper- that there is no such thing as a good terrorist. In order to make that assertion solid and tenable, one must realize that the term terrorism should in fact refer to acts of violence, war or sabotage inflicted upon innocent civilian populations by a person or persons not affiliated with an organized army and outside of the scope of declared warfare. Within this context, we are not talking about the soldier who serves his country by defeating enemies in combat, but we are talking about extremists who detonate car bombs near schools and hospitals. In using this definition, it is possible to further bolster the argument. Terrorism is about Targets as Well as Intentions A second assertion that can be made in critique of Kegley’s presentation comes from a discussion of the issue of the targets of terrorism as well as the intentions of terrorists, as earlier defined. For example, a terrorist, for all of his claims that he is trying to free other people from the oppression of another group, change a bad situation, avenge previous wrongs and the like, is violating international law as well as the basic moral codes when the terrorist inflicts casualties among defenseless civilians, such as when terrorists launch attacks on religious centers, public places or even private residential areas, there is a tremendous wrong being done, no matter what noble cause the terrorist claims to support or advance. Simply put, the means do not justify the end. A Fine Line between Patriotism and Vigilantism A key point continues to echo throughout this research- the fine line between defeating enemies and violating the written and unwritten laws of humanity. Indeed, one could make the argument, for example, that the founders of the United States in some ways inflicted terrorism according to our previously stated definition, for many of them were un-uniformed, taking up arms against an organized, sovereign government, no matter how noble the cause was for which they were fighting. However, when looking at terrorists in regard to being those who step over the line of legality and morality for the sake of their causes, again the message returns that there must be at least some level of decency in the world, even among those who adamantly oppose one another, for if opposing groups are allowed to continually launch terror attacks upon each other, all of humanity will soon degrade to chaos and anarchy, serving no one’s interests. Indeed, it is morally, ethically and legally wrong for people to take the law into their own hands; therefore, all potential or actual terrorist acts must be dealt with in the harshest possible terms. Conclusion In this paper, the argument has been made and supported that there is no such thing as a good terrorist, no matter what the intentions, motivations or goals of the terrorist, keeping in mind that there are certain criteria which define what makes a terrorist. Therefore, it must be remembered that patriots are not those who blow up women and children, poison reservoirs or destroy public gathering places, nor are those who wear the uniform of their country and fight in declared wars terrorists. Once that differentiation is made and adhered to, all of humanity will be all the better for it. Conversely, if we allow these grey areas to exist where a potential terrorist thinks they will receive rewards, either in this world or the one to come, the death toll of innocents will continue to swell. Hopefully, this key distinction will be realized by the people of the world before it is too late.

HISTORY - choose 1 of the questions to answer Essay - 1

HISTORY - choose 1 of the questions to answer - Essay Example The need to abandon slavery began in the Northern States with the support of the Democrats, who demonstrated against the denial of rights to slaves (Ferrell 43). The United States Supreme Court even developed its own definition of â€Å"whiteness† where it asserted that whites were superior to other racist groups such as Native Americans, African Americans, West Indian, Chinese, Korean, Japanese, amongst other racist groups (Ferrell 44). Many whites, including other Native Americans believed that slaves had no right to set themselves free, and live a fair life. Abolitionism movement groups were usually a minority within American society. This made the groups encounter heavy opposition from the majority groups, who either wanted to avoid making slavery as divisive political issue or supported slavery (Ferrell 7). Antislavery activists endured violent mob attacks on their printing presses and lecture halls, and for over two decades, a â€Å"gag rule†, in the Congress, banned antislavery activists from raising issues relating to this subject (Ferrell 7). However, this opposition only incited antislavery activists, and it made martyrs out of beaten Senator Charles Summer, insane John Brown, and murdered Editor Elijah Lovejoy (Ferrell 11). Antislavery activists were not only interested in ending slavery, but also ensuring that the Americans re-constitute the terms they apply to the concept of equality and liberty. They were looking forward to creating a society that embraced the significance of Revolution for all its people, male and fem ale, black and white. Antislavery activists were hardly perfect, and their abolitionism reform movements were characterized with differing opinions and attitude on racial responsibilities, characteristics and roles abounded within mixed races, classes and genders of abolitionism movement (Ferrell 23). Additionally, abolitionists lacked enough resources as compared to pro-slavery movements. For instance, in 1830’s, the whites dominated

Analyzing the dispostion of female characters in the modern short Essay

Analyzing the dispostion of female characters in the modern short stories The Yellow Wall Paper by Charlotte Gilman and Rashmon by Akutagawa - Essay Example ess opportunities were scarce and yet women still often found it necessary to become the primary bread-winner of the family or their own only means of support. What people don’t always realize is that this was as common in the East as it was in the West, if not more so. These social conventions were not only held in place by the social restrictions on the gender, but also in the way that they were understood by outsiders. These concepts can be better understood by comparing two works such as Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† and Ryunosuke Akutagawa’s â€Å"Rashomon.† Neither story permits the female characters the individuality of a name, forcing them to become only a symbol for the entire gender, nor does the primary female have any choice for the conditions of her life. The woman protagonist in Gilman’s story is required to live an isolated life in the upper room of a very remote country house. Had she had any say in what might be best for her, she would have selected a downstairs room with flower vines growing up the wall and a door out to the garden. â€Å"I wanted one downstairs that opened on the piazza and had roses all over the window, and such pretty old-fashioned chintz hangings! but John would not hear of it. He said there was only one window and not room for two beds, and no near room for him if he took another.† The room she is confined to is much different, decorated with ugly peeling yellow wallpaper and with bars on the windows blocking out the scenery outside. It is significant that the room is thought to have been a nursery because the woman is treated like a young child, not an adult capable of making her own decisions. â€Å"He [John] is very careful and loving, and hardly lets me stir without special direction. I have a schedule prescription for each hour in the day; he takes all care from me.† With no options available to her other than to simply give in to the forces around her, the woman eventually comes

Organizational Behavior by Strayer University Term Paper

Organizational Behavior by Strayer University - Term Paper Example Allstate Company’s efforts in goal-setting program are promising. Goal setting is characterized by a set of distinct conditions that help in evaluating the effectiveness of the goal-setting program. The employees should be in a position to attain the set goals of the company. Necessary knowledge and skills apply in this process, thereby measuring just how much the program is set to work out in favor of the company. In the context of this company, the idea of this condition is down pack. Current job skills and expertise in the company is highly evaluated in the present times in relation to the goals, mission and objectives of the company. Advancement program for employee skills and expertise is operational, training of workers put in place as well as mentoring services. Creative and critical skill development is therefore at the disposal of workers, and opportunities for advancement are therefore created. As much as the condition here is hectic to functionalize, it clarifies th e firm’s goals and initiates efficiency in the operations of the company (Andreas, 1998). Difficult goals call for maximum attention and analysis over time. This is the seconds step towards achieving functional goal-setting procedures. The employees must be upfront at all times in regard to the attainment of these difficult goals. Employees focus on their work has been enhanced in this company by the fact there is a childcare unit in the company. The childcare units are favorable to the users since they offer care discounts for the parents. Over and above this fact, Allstate use other means to keep the workers focused to the goals of the firm. These means are: offering dry cleaning services as well as oil-change services. There is therefore little or no time wasted by the employees during work hours when they need the aforementioned services. Day breaks allow the parents to see their children without wasting so much time. They can therefore work as required by the company (He llriegel & Slocum, 2011). Goal achievement progress need to be monitored at each point in time, and necessary feedback toward such progress reported from time to time. Allstate Company employs Diversity Index twice a year in effectuating this condition in its goal-setting program. Monitoring questions are set up every time a survey for the index is set up. The idea here is to assess whether the company indiscriminately provides quality services to all its customers in the market model. Another aspect highlighted by the index is the working environment that prevails in the company. This is meant to assess the comfort ability of the employees at the work place. The diversity and dynamism of the operation ability in the company determines the rationale of efficient goal setting program. The survey is fundamental to the overall performance of the company since it defines the employer-employee relationship in the working environment (Hellriegel & Slocum, 2011). Another condition necessar y to the goal setting program of the company is the need to break down complex goals into sub-goals. This is tailored towards mobilizing the employees to want to reach to the higher goals. However, in order to achieve the higher goals, all the sub-goals must be achieved. The employees will therefore want to achieve the sub-goals as much as possible in order to reach to the big goals. There are no identified sub-goals for the Allstate Company, but it is noticeably important that the company has established many goal-setting

Business Development and the Nature Globalization Essay

Business Development and the Nature Globalization - Essay Example These tasks involve sales, marketing, as well as the development of suitable and reliable strategies for the business organisation. The attention of all businesses should be directed towards the establishment of marketing teams with suitable strategies as well as focus on business expansion. Globalisation is all about expansion; hence, Avny (2006) believes that business entities are obliged to embrace the concept in order to achieve immense expansion and generate significant revenue for its self as well as national growth and development. Globalisation, as earlier noted is a product of human innovation and rapid advancement in technology. Technology presents business organisations with numerous opportunities that can be pivotal in the success or rather development of a business entity. The frequent identification of these opportunities presented by technology makes it possible for these small business entities to expand and reach international markets and as a result bring in more in come. Thus, Todaro and Smith (2009) opine that business development’s major role is to help firms identify and take advantage of the emerging market opportunities. The Nature of Globalisation Among the phenomena worth taking note of across the last period of the twentieth century is globalisation. By itself, it carries significant importance both in developing or what are referred to as Least Developed Countries (LDCs), and developed nations across the globe. The process’ emergence and expansion can be credited to the advancements made in the transportation sector, communications as well as the rapid technological advancement towards the end of the twentieth century and into the twenty first century (Avny, 2007). The advancements made have helped in the reallocation of human... This essay approves that the growth and development of infrastructure like roads and communication lines have resulted in the reduced intervals between the travel times taken from the production and or manufacturing point to destination and or sale points enabling more countries to take part in the trade. The growth of these activities has seen more opportunities arise for the development of business entities which has been a credible contributor to the advancement in the economy of LDCs. It is easy to see the amount of similar products that are flooding the world markets in the contemporary world; an indicator that the world is moving in the direction of becoming a one-village market and or community. According to Birdsall, Rodrik and Subramanian, these developments result in the fast growth and development of these nations’ economies due to the increased multinational trade. The activities involving movement and or exchange of capital included indirect and direct financial i nvestments in least developed countries (LDCs) with the aim of raising the incomes and or revenue of the countries. The local businesses and or industries are required to meet international standards as a requirement of globalisation and as a result some are forced to merge with other multinationals in order to increase their operations. This report makes a conclusion that globalisation is an evoking concept that still is opposed by an ideological minority unable to deny the benefits associated with globalisation knowledge with respect to development of businesses as well as national economies. The few who view globalisation as some form of capitalism should drop the idea and embrace the concept as a major factor in business development.

Account Balance and Budget Balance in United States of America, Assignment

Account Balance and Budget Balance in United States of America, Australia and Indonesia - Assignment Example From the visual representation, it can be observed that over the four years, Indonesia has had a surplus in its current account balances, this means that Indonesia is saving most of its resources than investing those resources. For the case of Australia and the USA, both countries experienced a deficit in their current account, but Australia has gradually improved its current balance. This implies that these countries are investing more than they are saving and thus, they are utilizing resources sourced from other economies in order to finance domestic consumption. Twin deficit refers to a situation a deficit in the national budget leads to an expanded deficit in the current account. Twin deficit proposition, argues that a large budget deficit has a negative impact on the national saving of the country, this, in turn, leads to souring the current account deficit. Although, some economist that this proposition is so weak in explaining this phenomenon (Hansen, 2003). A twin deficit exi sts in the case of the United States of America where the budget deficit has led to expanding the current account deficit. This implies that the United States acts as the net debtor to other global economies. Therefore, the United States is investing extra resources to other world economies than saving and in return use resources from world economies to fund the domestic consumption. Indonesia has the largest economy in the southeast of Asia, this economy  is characterized by a major development in the information technology sector thus having a comparative advantage over countries in the region. Indonesia was worst hit by the recent global financial crisis that hit the world giant economies like the United States. Thus Indonesia has put up measures so to try and shield its citizen from the financial crisis souring economic conditions in the country. The national government of Indonesia has embarked in various fiscal policy stances so to stabilize the economy. In the effort to sta bilize the economy the government has decided to increase its expenditure, in this case, the government has decided to offer a subsidy to the citizen so as shield them from the soaring commodities prices. Indonesia government will more spend in the current year in subsiding the fuel prices.

Schonk Klinik Eating Disorder Discussion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Schonk Klinik Eating Disorder Discussion - Essay Example Anorexic individuals usually starve themselves and appear thin. Anorexics also experience an intense fear of gaining weight and may choose to restrict calories further to avoid weight gain (Harris & Lenox, 2013). Consequently, anorexics are often hungry and have a preoccupation with food. In addition to the need to lose weight, anorexic persons also have a disturbed view of body image and continue to view themselves as overweight. Several other characteristics exist for describing the physical and mental behaviors associated with anorexia nervosa. Bulimia nervosa is another category of eating disorder but is a complete opposite of anorexia. Periods of compulsive eating that follows forced vomiting, or the use of laxatives is characteristics that describe Bulimia nervosa. Bulimia nervosa is a more common problem among teenagers and young adults (Striegel-Moore, 2011). Binge eating is common among dieters. However, it becomes abnormal if it occurs more than two times a week over a period of three months. Similar to anorexics, bulimics have a concern with their weight. However, they are more in the normal weight ranges than individuals that experience anorexia (Ginter, Duncan & Swayne 2013). One of the characteristics describing bulimics is feeding on a large amount of food after a period of two hours. Bulimics experience a feeling of losing control or unable to stop eating or monitor the amount of food that they

STATISTICAL COURSEWORK Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

STATISTICAL - Coursework Example The group Motility assay for control has the highest SD value with 0.71 and the group Motility assay: After incubation for 48h at 37oC has the lowest SD value with 0.37. From the above ANOVA table, it is found that the F value of 16.038 is highly significant (with probability 0.000). Hence it is concluded that the means of the three assay groups differ significantly. The individual comparison is given in the following table. The mean difference between the groups Motility assay: After incubation for 48h at 37oC and the group Motility assay for control organism is not significant. Hence the groups Motility assay: After incubation for 48h at 37oC and the group Motility assay for control do not differ significantly. But the group Motility assay: After incubation for 24h at 37oC is having significant difference in mean with both the groups Motility assay: After incubation for 48h at 37oC and Motility assay for control organism. Hence among all groups, the group Motility assay: After incubation for 48h at 37oC has the highest

Small-Business Preference- FEDERAL CONTRACT ADMINISTRATION AND Term Paper

Small-Business Preference- FEDERAL CONTRACT ADMINISTRATION AND MANAGEMENT - Term Paper Example Under this 23% of all prime government contracts, 5% will have to reach small businesses operated by the disabled, 5% must be given to small businesses operated and managed by women, 3% to small businesses that are operating in HUB Zones (Larence, 2005). HUB Zones are regions which are economically disadvantaged. The Small Business Administration Agency is therefore mandated to implement this policy by the congress. In my case above, there are two main programs operated and managed by the Small Business Administration Agency that can help me in operating, and managing my business organization, and in getting contracts from the federal government (Larence, 2005). One program is referred to as the small disadvantaged business program, commonly abbreviated as SDB. Under this program, a small business can participate in sub-contracting programs of the federal government, or even in the actual process of getting contracts from the federal government. This is beneficial to my organization because it may manage to get prime contracts from the federal government, at the expense of very large firms such as Lockheed Martins (Skrabec, 2012). It is important to denote that some of these contracts that the federal government intends to give to small businesses are lucrative and if given a chance, big organizations such as Lockheed Martin’s will compete for them (March, 2012). For a small business organization to be eligible in this program, it must have the following characteristics (Larence, 2005), The organization under consideration must be owned and managed by a person who is in a disadvantaged position, either economically or socially. This includes all aspects of physical handicap, residing in an area that is economically disadvantaged, or coming from a social group that is socially and economically disadvantaged, such as the blacks, the Hispanics, etc. This people must

Black People and Story Essay Example for Free

Black People and Story Essay What is the relevance of the title in Toni Morrison’s â€Å"Recitatif? † â€Å"Recitatif† is a short story written by Toni Morrison and first published in the anthropology â€Å"Confirmation: An Anthropology of American Women† in 1983. The author creates a pioneering story about the lives of two young girls, Roberta and Twyla, living in an orphanage during a period of racial inequality. Both girls had been taken away from their mothers, one for illness and one for indiscretion. What makes this story unique is that, while the characters are clearly separated by class, neither is affirmed as African American or Caucasian. In order to address the essential social issue of that time, Toni Morrison presents five sections that span many years; the author provides a clear insight of inequality between white and black people. Moreover, with the publication of â€Å"Recitatif†, â€Å"Morrison raised issues engaging middle-class black women whose education and personal achievements create tensions within and outside of the black community† (Fultz). A considerable aspect of this story is the title of the work. â€Å"RecitÐ °tif† is a derivation of the word â€Å"recitative† which may be defined as a spoken singing style used in opera and oratories. A now-obsolete meaning is the rhythm peculiar to any language; furthermore, this word uses the root â€Å"recite† which also has special meaning. To recite, or to tell from memory, exemplifies that the story written by Toni Morrison was from a series of memories. Both of these definitions suggest the episodic nature of this story (Kusumoto). The plot is the key to understanding the meaning of the title. There are five encounters that show what occurs when two people have contradictory memories about the same event. For example, when Twyla realizes that she and Roberta have completely different memories of a significant event, she asks, â€Å"I wouldn’t forget a thing like that. Would I? † (Bakara Bakara). Such uncertainty highlights to the main theme of the story. This instability of memory is expressed through narrative collage â€Å"Recitatif† brings together the rhythms of 2 different lives for 5 short moments that are narrated by Twyla’s voice. The story is, then, in several ways, Twylas â€Å"rÐ µcitatif. † The title of the story accurately conveys some changes in actual voice throughout the text; for example, when Twyla is a younger, it is obvious that the author â€Å"speaks† in a child’s voice. In some cases, it seems that this girl is too thoughtful to be the little child, but the author conveys her voice in such a way that there is no doubt that she is. The sing song voice applies to the narrator as well as to the nature of other characters in the story. Radical changes are visible during Robertas and Twylas meetings; moreover, the sing song nature of race is also a part of the character’s makeup. Each of them shows clues that may be interpreted as rÐ µpresenting a black or white race. That is why readers try to compare the various aspects of the story in order to identify the race it characterizes. This story develops like acts in an opera, presenting its characters at different points in life. Here is an interesting fact: the voice of the narrator grows with its character much as children grow throughout their life. The title describes Morrison’s prose narrative and provides that the use of â€Å"gaps† is an integral part of this story. They are left out purposely by the author so they can be filled in by readers. In the first lines of the story it may seems that â€Å"Recitatif† tells a simple story about the interactions of two girls. Toni Morrison divided this short story into five encounters which describe the ongoing narrative events from the lives of these two women. These interludes imitate the spoken singing style and narrative of the Morrison story implied by its title. The term â€Å"gaps† is suitable for this story because each encounter is separated by long periods of time that leave the reader guessing; as an example, Roberta’s reference to Jimi Hendrix at the meeting in the HÐ ¾ward JÐ ¾hnsons. Before the reference, readers are certainly unsure of the time period of this meeting, but with the mention of this famous pop star, everyone can fill in the gap and realize this part of the story takes place in the 1960s. In conclusion, it can be said that the title of Toni Morrisons story plays an essential role in the story. It accurately conveys the style of writing and the use of different techniques throughout the story. Works cited: Bakara, Imamu Amiri, and Amina Bakara. Confirmation: An Anthology of African American Women. 1st ed. Morrow, 1983. Print. Fultz, Lucille P. Toni Morrison: Playing With Difference. University of Illinois Press, 2003. Print. Kusumoto, Jitsuko. Memories of the Daughters from â€Å"Recitatif† to Beloved. . 21-24, 2008. Web. 26 Feb 2013. .

Factors Affecting Hand Washing Compliance

Factors Affecting Hand Washing Compliance Factors Affecting the Compliance of Hand Washing Among Healthcare Workers in a Long-term Care Facility in Los Angeles, California Noela Gadingan Samantha Tweeten, PhD Healthcare workers deal with different types of patients every day. Every patient has their own microorganisms that contributed to the development of their diagnosis. Hand hygiene plays a critical role especially among healthcare workers as they deal with not only one but several patients. Hand washing is vital in the prevention of the different hospital acquired infections or also known as the nosocomial infections. The increasing incidence of nosocomial infection is very alarming knowing that there are many organizations such as the Joint Commission and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention who exert effort to implement the guidelines of hand hygiene among healthcare workers. A research article on a survey on hand washing practices and opinions of healthcare workers shows that healthcare workers knew the importance and benefits of hand washing, but still, they tend to overestimate their own compliance. It also shows that healthcare workers were more concerned on the different interventions that would make hand washing easier (Harris et al., 2000). Another research article on hand hygiene compliance rate in the United States of America presented a 12-month multicenter collaboration where researchers measured the product usage and provided feedback about hand washing compliance to assess the hand washing compliance rates in the United States of America. The result shows that the rate of hand washing among healthcare workers is still at or below 50%; the researchers suggest that with the combination of monitoring and providing feedback, compliance rate would increase (http://ajm.sagepub.com.ezproxy.nu.edu/content/24/3/205). The researcher of this study chose this topic because there are many programs and organizations that exerted efforts, time, and money to implement hand washing, yet there are still incidences of non-compliance. The topic on hand washing seems is common and seems to be easy yet ignored by some individuals. As a result, there are a lot of unanswered questions on the aspects of hand washing compliance. The increasing incidence rate of nosocomial infections among the patients provides a significant reason to conduct this research study. Healthcare providers are expected to care, cure, and help patients achieve a quality of life; thus, hand washing should not be a want but rather a need. However, there are some knowledge gaps that still need answers and limitations that may not have given a complete solution to address this issue. The purpose of the study is to know the different factors that affect the compliance among healthcare workers in a long-term care facility in Los Angeles California and to assess the knowledge and attitude of the healthcare workers concerning the practice of hand washing. The hypothesis is that there are several factors affecting the compliance of hand washing among healthcare workers, such as lack of awareness, lack of education on the importance of hand washing, personal attitude of healthcare workers, and insufficient supply of hand washing materials. The researcher believes that through knowing the different factors that affect the compliance of hand washing among healthcare workers, it would give benefits not only among individuals but also to the community and society as a whole. Individuals, both patient and healthcare providers, protect themselves from different infectious diseases knowing that proper hand washing is the universal precaution. It would also help build a healthy community if there will be an absence or decrease incidence of infectious diseases. To the society as a whole, it would help in developing appropriate planning to identify the different solutions that would address the different factors identified. It would contribute to the different healthcare organizations and health policy makers to implement suitable actions and would hopefully achieve 100% compliance among healthcare workers and decreasing incidence rate of nosocomial infections among patients. Review of Literature A research study by assessed the knowledge, attitude, and practice of hand washing among healthcare workers in Ain-Shams University Hospital and had an inspection of 10 wards on that hospital for facilities needed for hand washing (Elaziz, 2009). A cross-sectional study was being conducted from the period of June until November 2006. For the data collection of this study, 10 infection control nurses were trained on how to carefully observe hand washing opportunities and to fill out forms needed for the study. There were three research instruments used: observation form on hand washing, form on ward inspection, and, to assess the knowledge and attitudes of healthcare workers regarding hand washing, a self-administered questionnaire was used. The results showed that doctors had a 37.5% compliance, which is significantly higher compared with the other groups of healthcare workers, but only 11.6% executed the proper hand washing correctly. Routine hand washing, which is 64.2%, was the mo st common type of hand washing that is being practiced among healthcare workers, compared with the antiseptic hand washing, which is only 3.9%. In addition, inadequate supply of paper towels was identified as another factor. Nurses were identified to have more knowledge on hand washing compared with doctors. They believed that to increase the compliance on hand washing, administrative orders and a continuous observation as well must be implemented. The researchers of this study suggested that to give solution to theses factors that affect the compliance of hand washing, there should be an implementation on multifaceted interventional behavioral hand hygiene program that would monitor and provide performance feedback, an increase in hand washing supplies, and an institutional support. McGuckin, Waterman, and Govednik (2009) studied on hand hygiene compliance rates in the United States of America. Their study is a 1-year multicenter collaboration with the use of a product/volume usage measurement. All healthcare facilities were offered the measurement program. The only criteria for enrollment that was used in the study was the site’s willingness to submit the monthly summaries of the volume of the product usage and patient bed days to a more secure protected database that is important in generating, measuring, and benchmarking reports. The sites that were enrolled were encouraged to make use of the reports in giving feedback to the healthcare workers. They received as well an implementation manual, and they would also receive a support from the researchers of the study in implementing the program at their site. The researchers made use of three reported methods of measuring the hand washing compliance. These are as follows: direct observation, healthcare wor kers self-reporting, and an indirect calculation based on the product usage of hand washing. The results showed that hand washing compliance in an intensive care unit were 26% and 36% for non-ICUs. Meanwhile, after 12months of measuring the usage of product and giving feedback, the compliance rate increased to 37% for ICUs and 51 for non-ICUs. However, the compliance rate on hand washing among healthcare workers is at or below 50%. The researchers suggested that to give solution to this, there must be a combination of monitoring and feedback to increase the compliance rate. Aziz (2013) studied on how availability of materials improved the hand hygiene compliance. The annual National Health Survey provides healthcare workers the opportunity to share their opinions on the availability on the materials used in hand washing. There were three community buildings and 31 wards that were reviewed to assess the availability of materials needed in hand washing, as well as alcohol hand rub located on wards and at entrances. The results showed based on the audit that in 30 out of 34 areas, the availability of hand washing materials was good. Both staffs in ward and in community emphasized what other materials were required for hand washing. After knowing the inadequacies, steps were made to provide these. The audit carried out made the practice of hand washing to be benchmarked across the trust and enhanced the awareness of the staff on the importance of hand washing. Therefore, as a result of this, compliance of hand washing among healthcare workers increased from 80% to 95%. A survey on hand washing practices and opinions of healthcare worker was conducted (Harris et al., 2000). The research instrument that was used in this study is a 74-question survey that was given to healthcare workers in two tertiary care hospitals. The result of the study shows that healthcare workers knew the importance and benefits of hand washing, but still, they tend to overestimate their own compliance. It also shows that healthcare workers were more concerned on the different interventions that would make hand washing easier. The different literature review from the four researches provide an explanation to conduct further studies to enhance the compliance rate of hand washing practices among healthcare workers. Alhough there are many studies conducted previously from different researchers, there is still a need to know more on the different factors why we cannot achieve a 100% compliance among the healthcare workers who were known to care and cure the sick. Methods The participants of the study are the healthcare workers, which includes the following: doctors, nurses, nursing assistants, and therapists. It will include both male and female, all types of ethnicity, and age. They must be a current employee in a long-term care facility. This research study will make use of a cross-sectional study design that will be conducted in a long-term care facility in Los Angeles in a period of 2years. The researcher will conduct a study observation where different areas in the healthcare facility will be checked. The observation will be carried out where healthcare workers usually do invasive procedures, have personal contact with the patients, and perform non-invasive procedures such as taking the vital signs of the patients and obtaining specimen for the laboratory, during waste disposal. For the data collection, it will make use of the same process that was carried out on the research study by Elaziz (2009). In collecting data, there will be two infection control nurses who will be trained on doing the hand washing observation and in filling out the observational and ward inspection form. In a covert manner, the nurses that were trained will fill out the observational form, which records whether hand washing was carried out or not and if it is carried out appropriately or not. He or she will also record the type of hand washing that was carried out by the person observed and note what type of errors that was committed when it was done incorrectly. In checking the availability of the hand washing materials, which include soaps, sinks, towels, drying materials, and hand washing posters and guidelines, a ward inspection form will be filled up. There will be three research instruments that will be used in gathering the data for this research study. The same research instruments that were used by Elaziz (2009) in her study will be used. The three research instruments are observation form of hand washing, form for ward inspection, and, to know whether there is lack of awareness and education and whether a problem on healthcare workers attitude is a factor, a self-administered questionnaire will be used as part of the research instrument. The self-administered questionnaire would assess whether lack of awareness and education, and personal attitude among healthcare are factors affecting the compliance on hand washing. The questionnaire to assess for lack of awareness and education will include different questions covering different aspects of hand washing practices, including the use of time, proper execution, and materials needed for hand washing. A Likert scale will be used in assessing the attitude of healthcare workers. Th e program that will be used for data entry, checking, and analysis will be the Statistical Package for Social Science. For the ethical consideration, the approval of the design and the different steps of the study were conducted with the different members of the infection control unit in a long-term care facility in Los Angeles, California. This study will prepare informed consent forms that will provide prospective study participants information regarding the research. The observation of hand washing practices among healthcare workers is already considered as a routine checking of infection control activities by the infection control nurses. The bias that may include in this study is information bias because participants may not provide honest answers to appear in compliance to the guideline on proper hand washing. Another bias that might happen is the measurement bias when a research cannot control for the effects of the data collection and measurement, knowing that self-administered questionnaire is one of the types of the research instrument used in this study The limitation of the study will include the possible biases that might be present especially in the data collection process, which will affect the credibility and reliability of the result of the research study, and the time and resources in conducting this research study. References Aziz, A. (2013). How better availability of materials improved hand-hygiene compliance. British Journal of Nursing, 22(8), 458–463. Elaziz, K. (2009). Assessment of knowledge, attitude and practice of hand washing among health care workers in Ain Shams University hospitals in Cairo. Journal of Preventive Medicine and Hygiene, 50(1), 19–25. Harris, A. D., Samore, M. H., Nafziger, R., Rosario, K. D., Roghmann, M. C., Carmeli, Y. (2000). A survey on hand washing practices and opinions of healthcare workers. Journal of Hospital Infection. doi: 10.1053/jhin.2000.0781 McGuckin, S., Waterman, R., Govednik, J. (2009). Hand hygiene compliance rates in the United States—A one-year multicenter collaboration using product/volume usage measurement and feedback. American Journal of Medical Quality. doi: 10.1177/1062860609332369

My Lai Massacre :: essays papers

My Lai On March 16, 1968, "Charlie Company" was sent into a small Viet Cong village called (by the U.S.) My Lai 4. Their instructions by commanding officers were: "... kill every man, woman, child and animal in the village. Burn all the homes .... nothing should be walking, growing or crawling." Orders were followed, and as I read the first 65 pages of this book, I was exposed to the detailed death of 306 civilians, mostly women, small children, and old people. There was no threat to any American GIs ... there were no Viet Cong Solders in the area. I read of the rape of a 14 year old girl by twenty GIs ... in front of the parents. They were all shot after the GIs were "done with their business." This was only one of many. Most of the murders were conducted, BY ORDER OF OFFICERS, to round-up the families from their homes, forced into ditches, and shot. Women dove to cover their children. Later, children just old enough to walk crawled out from under their mutilated mothers' bodies, only to be shot as target practice by the GIs. It is later estimated that approximately 500 civilians were murdered, and (probably) no VC were in the area. I could go into detail about the killing. However, most of the book was devoted to the time before the massacre, and afterward. The officers and GIs of "Charlie Company" were introduced in the beginning of the book: the officers had been social outcasts all their life (LT. Calley & Medina). Both had decided to devote their life to the military. The GIs were selected for "Charlie Company" specifically because they had all scored too low on the initial exam to be put into a regular battalions. After the massacre, nothing was done. As a matter of fact, "Charlie Company" was praised for having the "most kills" in one day. By late 1969, most of the GIs in Charlie Company were civilians again, and a few began to tell what they had seen (and participated in). A Government Investigation was called against Lt. Calley (who ordered, and participated in the murders). Some of the photographs from the massacre were published. You wouldn't believe what the civilian response was! The overwhelming public response was to drop the charges; they thought that there was nothing wrong with the massacre, OR they didn't believe it really happened. As a matter of fact, Lt. Calley had become a hero as an AMERICAN! There was a hugely-supported

Essay --

Interactions in the global political economy always result in outcomes such that winners and losers are produced in each political activity. These outcomes vary from country to country depending on factors governing the country’s economic and political environment. Outcomes here range from monetary and trade policy outcomes to outcomes from crises. It is a widely accepted view that outcomes in the global political economy are, most of the time, a result of economic as well as political factors. One of the influential political factors is concerned with institutions. According to North (1991), institutions act as constraints that shape interactions between politics, economics, and society. Furthermore, political institutions are important in initiating rules about policymaking process, weighing preferences of different interest groups, and determining the extent to which interest groups affect policies (Hiscox, 2008). In terms of trade, demands for trade policies from special i nterest groups are converted into policy consequences that affect how people behave, which in turn determines the winners and losers. In view of regime formation, domestic institutions such as electoral and political systems and the distribution of governmental powers are said to have an influence on multilateral regimes through credibility (Cowhey, 1993). Apart from this, whether a country is likely to implement free trade policies or not also largely depends on the type of political systems that country has; democracy, autocracy, or monarchy. In this essay, I would like to focus on the importance of domestic institutions especially electoral systems, political systems, and veto players in producing the trade policy and crises outcomes in the global politica... ...ther the Democrat party can accumulate enough support to replace the government. If not, in order to end this cycle, there might be a need to reconsider the compatibility of democracy with Thailand’s political structure. As seen, institutions such as electoral systems and veto players are an important factor in determining outcomes in the global political economy both in terms of trade policies and crises. Regarding trade policies, having a democratic regime is likely to bring about economic growth through trade liberalisation. In reference to tackling crises, democracies and autocracies have equal chance of experiencing a crisis; however, a democratic country tends to recover faster because it is relatively easy for the population to replace the unsuccessful leader. Ultimately, strong and stable domestic institutions are the foundation of a country’s development.

Plath’s Daddy - Plath as a Weak Feminist :: Feminism Feminist Women Criticism

Plath as a Weak Feminist in Daddy Plath's innate emptiness and emotional constraint comes , I believe, from her lack of male encouragement and her according need for domination. This streams from the untimely death of her father at 9. In this poem Plath alludes to her relationship to her father with an emphasis on his German background and identity. In this way she comments on him in contradicting terms, firstly, as a divine figure: "..A bag full of God", towering over her in a seemingly totalitarian way. She then transforms her implication with " No God, but a swatztika" a completely ironic comment in comparison to the first as Nazism is essentially pagan in its nature. The extended reference to the confusion of her father as Hitler is shown through indications of his "Mein Kampf look" and "neat moustache." Similarly, Plath confuses herself with the role of a Jew, symbolising the insecurity which lies within her subconsciousness, and the recognition which she has of her victimisation from men. This victimisation follows on with allusions to her marriage with Hughes, and the similarities Plath associated between her father and husband: "If I've killed one man, I've killed two--- The vampire who said he was you" Hughes himself acknowledged this confusion in his poem THE SHOT: "Your real target stood behind me Your Daddy The man with the smoking gun" This quote reinforces her father's role in Plath's eventual demise as it implies that the 'smoking gun' once shot Plath's bullet of fatality. Essentially this poem signifies Plath's weakness, and threatens her iconic stature as a feminist . Reacting against this common stereotype with which she is named, her poetry indicates a lack of stability and inner faith, excluding those who are bitter and entirely negative.

Discuss the Future of Human Geography with Reference to the Approaches That Have Emerged Since the 1950s

Discuss the future of human geography with reference to the approaches that have emerged since the 1950s. Geography found its roots during periods of exploration when man's knowledge of the world was still subject to the imagination. For many decades, Europe and the British Empire in particular formed much of what cartography is today, and environmental determinism was widely used to serve imperialist needs. Many ideas and theories were highly influenced and composed by upper class academics and soon critiques were formed. During the mid 1930s, environmental determinism lost much of its support and regional geography fell into to favour.Soon however, regional geography was also criticised due to its limiting scope and constricting laws. This resulted in post war geography entering a dark period with a dwindling future due the feeling of the subject’s uselessness. Geography progressed well since the founding of the AAG and each well-known definition had its success. These defin itions tended to aim to displace one another turn by turn and each definition spoke something true of geography but soon from the vantage point of the future we also saw the failures in them (W. Pattinson, 1964).Each definition had its own shortcomings and that was a result of professional specialization of certain fields yet still contributing to geography as a whole. But during the late 1950s to early 1960s the quantitative revolution shifted the paradigm of spatial geography. Many saw that geography was losing support and it certainly was in universities, Harvard abolished the subject in 1948. Geography and the disciplines related to the subject needed to turn to physical and engineering sciences for the vitality it lacked (A. Strahler). Therefore the subject entered a far more scientific era and soon gained greater credibility as a result.Essentially this revolution led to a change from idiographic geography to law-making geography. Two of the leading geographers in the revoluti on were Richard Hartsthorne and Fred Schaefer. Hartsthorne’s manifesto for the discipline depicted the discipline as a coherent academic subject that used formulae to map landforms as well as to describe areas. However, Hartshtorne was heavily criticised for being overly descriptive and unnecessary. Schaefer argued that there was a need for the subject to be treated as a proper science, in particular he said there was a need for scientific analysis and not â€Å"mere description†.He wanted generalisations to be bought back into geography such as systematic analysis. Soon other definitions were being discredited during this paradigm shift such as military geopolitics (F. Ratzel) because geography had become more scientific. A few definitions were created to try and distinguish what geography was and where it was. Richard Hartsthorne’s publication in 1939 spurred geography on to be far more scientific and law based. Hartsthorne defined 3 variables; humans, landsca pe and industry which became apart of his overcomplicated formulas that described regions and features.His findings were still heavily influenced by spatial geography causing them to be restricted by laws that allowed no room for human geographers to present their views. In a sense, you could take this as a positive, in that Hartsthorne was trying to unify geography under one banner but as we have seen over time, this is against the nature of the discipline. This numerical approach sparked other geographers to think of a more descriptive angle that asked more, why things happen. William D. Pattinson’s journal titled the â€Å"Four Traditions of Geography† classifies geography into 4 distinctly logical areas.Originally written in 1964 and then revisited in 1990, Pattinson tries to distinguish geography into to 4 areas, 3 of which are applied to human geography and the 4th is mainly physical yet still linked to the aforementioned 3. The 4 traditions as defined by Pattins on are Spatial, Area Studies, Earth science and man-land and although they are 4 diverse and distinctive they still fall under the same heading of geography. Pattinson hoped â€Å"that through a widened willingness to conceive of and discuss the field in terms of these traditions, geography will be better able to secure the inner unity and outer intelligibility† (W.Pattinson, 1964). This approach to geography aimed to quell the discourse that was prevalent within geography and tried to pave a clearer way for geographies future. On the other hand, thinking in such a law-based manner, restricts dynamic thinking, which is where human geography draws its strengths. I felt that Pattinson still asked more how than why but he certainly helped promote the growth of geography. Subsequently, â€Å"The Big Questions† was an article written to try and stimulate thoughts of for the future as well as trying to gain the attention of the media and the public eye. Susan L.Cutter, Regin ald Golledge and William L. Graff wanted to create a dialogue for the future whilst tackling questions that already plagued the discipline of geography. As for the future of geography, this article ask some thought provoking questions such as â€Å"when does geography start and finish? † (S. L. Cutter, R. Golledge, W. L. Graff, 2002) and â€Å"what are likely to be the major problems of doing the geography of other planets? † (S. L. Cutter, R. Golledge, W. L. Graff, 2002) If we are to answer or even begin to answer these questions, we must draw upon the past and in particular what has transgressed over the 60 years.Over these years of the evolution of geography naturally resulted in a greater divide between physical and human geography. As a result of different approaches to geography emerging from the 50s, physical geography had grounded its roots in the universities of the UK and human geography was also doing well with a similar level of success. Towards the end of the 20th century, physical geography had had a number of successes and was frequently having science group’s works published in the pages of Nature or Science (N. Thrift, 2002).Human geography was also finding success in its own right. Human geographers were having their works published in numerous credited journals. However the problem that was arising was that geography needed to branch itself out, away from its own circulating community. So in order to evolve and adapt to its every changing environment, geography took a technological leap forward. After the terrorist attacks of September 11th 2001, new interest emerged in geographic information systems (GIS) to help with the response to hazardous events (S. L. Cutter, R. Golledge, W. L.Graff, 2002). As a result of this, large public interest began to become prevalent in geography, maybe not necessarily as an academic subject but as an overall discipline. An example of this can be seen in online phenomenon surrounding the H aiti earthquake of 2010. Within days of the hazard occurring, the people of Haiti created a real time map via Openstreetmap thus allowing the emergency services to act quickly to effect areas. This is an impressive display of how geography is being used to engage the mass audience as well as being an effective tool in saving lives.Geographic information systems are now playing a vital role in hazard response and in devising hazard maps. Nigel Thrift thoroughly supports the idea that in order for geography to flourish it needs to move away from traditional mapping techniques and into the realm of the media, social networking and politics. This means widening geographies scope and broadening its audience. Thrifts example of this involves aligning professional geography and pedagogical geography. He talks of the combination of technology and geography to enhance the learning of school children and therefore give geography a greater impact in the educational system.The geographers Ian C ook and Peter Jackson and the anthropologist Danny Miller are in the process of trying to get commodity chains introduced into schools (N. Thrift 2002). These commodity chains allow students to gain an appreciation of where they products they buy, come from. I feel that projects like this one are important for the future of geography, as education is key in producing the next generation of geographers. This concern is dominant in Ron Johnston’s â€Å"Reflections on Nigel Thrift’s optimism: political strategies to implement his vision†.Johnston reflects on what Thrift has written and flags up the concerns of geographies future in oppose to Thrift’s optimistic ideas of the future. He opens his article by stating â€Å"The future of an academic discipline† after which he goes on to devise three factors that underpin a subject’s survival. What I derived from Johnston’s review of Thrift was that for geography to thrive, it needs to be cons tantly vigilante in its up keep with other academic disciplines as well as public interest. If we look to the past we can see this is true, numerous definitions were devised and adapted to keep up with the changing times.Overall, I feel the future of geography needs to define and ground itself, as a discipline whilst at the same time being dynamic in its approach to the future. Concerns have been raised as to the sustainability of the subject in an academic sense but if we look to the past we can see that geography has always adapted and moved on. But if we move away from the sustainability of the subject, I think that technology is the way forward, especially in grasping the attention of the mass media as well as its audience. It has shown in recent times it can be very effective in hazard response as well as everyday life.Representation of data has never been easier with new software constantly being developed to make this task easier. To ensure the vitality of their discipline, g eographers are going to need to take a more political approach if they want sustained funding and interest. Word Count – 1568 References Cutter S. L, Golledge R. , Graff W. L, (2002) ‘The Big Questions in Geogarphy’, The Professional Geographer, 54:3, 305-317 Hartshorne R 1939 The Character of Regional Geography in Agnew J, Livingstone DN and Rogers A (eds) 1996 Human Geography: an Essential Anthology Oxford: Blackwell. Pp. 388-397 Johnston, R. 2002) ‘Reflections on Nigel Thrift’s optimism: political strategies to implement his vision’ Geoforum 33 421-425 Ratzel, F. (1894) ‘Volkerkunde’ vol. 2 Schaefer F K 1953 Exceptionalism in geography: a methodological examination Annals of the Association of American Geographers 43: 226-249. Strahler. A, (1952) ‘Dynamic basis of geomorphology’,The ‘Quantitative Revolution’, GG3012(NS) Lecture 4, University of Aberdeen, 2011, webpage: http://homepages. abdn. ac. uk/n. spedding/pages/gg3012/qrev. html Thrift, N. ,(2002) ‘The future of geography’. Geoforum 33, 291–298. Pattinson, W. (1964) ‘The Four Traditions’, Journal of Geography pp. 202 – 206

Fevicol

Fevicol was launched in 1959 and has a long history as a scrape used exclusively by carpenters. It later moved into the occasional use category. The campaign, breached by Ogilvy & Mather, was ab initio aired across the country in teaser poster ads and prints. The advertisements are created in the old traditional Indian flick poster style, with hand painted artwork and vivid colors. The ad takes on the skeletal frame of a mini movie with a father dressing up his fille as a male timbre for a skit.To complete the look, he glues on a moustache with a deposit down of Fevicol. Unfortunately for his daughter, it stays in place for good. The moustache is with her through good generation and bad, until her very last breath. A baby with a moustache is born the sec she passes away as a gesticulate to the concept of reincarnation. Piyush Pandey, executive chairman and CD for South Asia at Ogilvy & Mather was initially tasked to develop a campaign for another brand under the Pidil ite umbrella, Fevitite. Fevitite is too small a brand for a big whim like this.Take the money all everyplace again and shoot it for Fevicol, and that was the outset of everything. Ogilvy & Mather has turned a brand that does not immediately lend itself to creativity into an denote legend over the past vanadium decades. Work for the brand has scooped 99 awards over the past twenty years. To be honest, we didnt have a clue approximately the brand aspect when we started out, back then. Piyush happened to us, and I would say 1988-1999 was when the big leap took place, tell Madhukar B Parekh, managing director of Pidilite Industries.

Annotated Bibliography by Jennifer Hust Durand

Prepared by Jennifer Hust Durand, V. M. & Barlow, D. H. (2009). Essentials of abnormal psychology(5th Ed. ). Belmont, CA. Wadsworth. This confine explains abnormal psychology through their the most modern, scientific method for studying the subject. Throughout the text, it will find out you that psychological disorders are rarely ca utilizationd by a single influence, but rooted in eight-fold factors biological, psychological, cultural, social, familial, and even political. Kellner, Robert. Somatization and Hypochondriasis (1985).Praeger Publishers. This journal brought together a wide range of research, presenting new information on the nature of functional somatic symptoms and hypochondriasis. It displays surveys historical and circulating(prenominal) views on these topics, and explains similar symptoms. Bryant, Richard A. , Ph. D. and Harvey, Allison. G. Ph. D. perspicacious Stress deflect A Handbook of Theory, Assessment, and Treatment. (Jan. 2000). This article outlines techniques to prevent the evolution of PTSD by identifying and treating those with Acute Stress Disorder.Going on clinical and research experience, they review the underlying issues, and fact the procedures for using cognitive behavior therapy to treat Acute Stress Disorder. Weissman MM, Bruce LM, Leaf PJ Affective disorders, in psychiatric Disorders in America The Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study. modify by Robins LN, Regier DA. New York, Free Press, 1991, pp 5380 This article describes the development of a brief and easy-to-use application tool for bipolar spectrum disorder called the Mood Questionnaire.Thornton, Louise Loots convalescence From Schizophrenia. (2001) This article is a life experience allegory of Louise Thornton, a mother of three children. Two save been diagnosed with mental illness. Her son, diagnosed with schizoaffective disorder, has been living with the symptoms for over 20 years. Her missy has a dual diagnosis and severe depression. Erasmus, Susan. , crossover Fessenden for the New York Times Profile of a act Killer. ,(Nov 2009)Issues link to the manner in which reporters cover acts of explosive, homicidal violence, such as those that occurred in high schools in 2000, are examined, focusing on the technique interpreted by the staff of the New York Times when they did a story on nine such violent disorder murders. Topics include the systematic gathering of information, which showed the importance of such factors as mental illness, pre-murder threats, and job loss and the use of computer software in analyzing the information. Taylor & Francis.Deputy universal Counsel, Illinois Department of Mental Health and Developmental Disabilities, Springfield, Illinois, journal of Legal Medicine Volume 15, Issue 3 September 1994 , pages 471 478. The Journal of Legal Medicine is internationally circulated and includes articles and commentaries on topics of interest in judicial medicine, wellness law and policy, professional liabili ty, hospital law, food and do drugs law, medical legal research and education, the history of legal medicine, and a broad range of other related topics.

The South African Youth

Reflecting back up on the calamity that aver jump on occurred at aquilege amply give instructionhouse in capital of carbon monoxide Colorado and the gen eonlizations earth hire to the mellowedest degree the U.S juvenility and the crisis that we ar in and purportedly argon experiencing ,I unyielding to seek the early days crisis in reciprocal ohm Africa. in that location is at testify no pocket-size person crisis as much(prenominal). stock-still boy same concourse baffle themselves in the pennyer of a set forth of crises that should be intercommunicate desperately by the advance and hunting lodge. s come onherly Afri faeces offsprings as a course of translate refers to sec Afri set ups mingled with 15 and 30 duration of get on they key 29,5% of the state, to date in that location is no universal younker polity in endow to obey to their needs. around(prenominal) three-year-old batch sh be greens set of society signs of r ootism and militarism argon nethercoat in scarce a minority of offspring. tho a minusculeened fate of southwestern Africas materializationfulness can be considered sincerely yours marginalized as the domains spring chicken as a tout ensemble told and hence can non be c tout ensembleed a con engrafted genesis. xxxvii per cent of southward Africa world were beneath the age of 15 in 1991. It can be comp argond with the intermediate of 40% for mistakable countries in the world, less-developed countries averaging 44% and industrialise countries 23%. The composing of battalion betwixt 15 and 30 days, hold ind 29,5% of southeasterly Africas cosmos. Figures for racial categories state a gist of close to 8,3 jillion (75%) pitch b wishingness, 1,4 m. (12%) washcloth, 1,1 m. (10%) color in and ccc 000 (3%) Asiatic sm any persons in this group.thither ar whatever problems for the southwestward African offspring and roughly of the closely intr iguing problems intromit family and residential argona dissymmetry that leads to a huge twine of former(a) amicable problems for impertinently-fangled person. The portentous family has been low long extend to developi each(prenominal)y because of an nurture g e real rankning body that is non providing e rattling(prenominal) early days with pertinent and look acquire. sparing stagnation, in concert with down the stairsmanned culture, has resulted in high school levels of un trading and poverty, curiously among women and b overleaps.demographic factors which cover up to adjoin on the second African macrocosm and much(prenominal)(prenominal) than specific either(a)y the jejuneness. It has been estimated that by 1995, 50% of the age age group 15 to 19 leave al 1 go bad in urban aras.The utter virtually to which newborn hatful from the various racial and heathen groups aim bring obscure from wiz an other(a)(a), with the consecut ive banish stereotypes, superstition and racism.A historic check into in the address leaves little doubt that southeastern African callowness view over the geezerhood been victims of semi indemnity-making and socio- ethnic crises. They micturate been subjected to poverty, strident political manipulation, racial and other divisions that bust the commonwealth apart, and a overlook of every constitutionatic offspring polity to watch to their needs. As a group, they read aim for galore(postnominal) years been mostly unattended by the leadership in falsify of their destiny. And yet, from the early decades of the century, they cast assay to trust themselves by forming younker organizations, by protesting against injustices and by insisting on a bonnie develop and look narrative conditions.Unemployment has been a throw together for the conspiracy African younker. Studies show to a greater cessation or less 42% of jejuneness between the ages of 15 and 30 were unemployed. advanced(a) women were in circumstance disadvantaged. In the premiere air, they were less promising to be part of the cut into jam because outsized numbers were manifold in due interior(prenominal) work. Secondly, they lay down it hard to breakthrough employment piece organism come to in gratis(predicate) domesticated work. Unemployment affects the unmarried, lower-ranking members of households to a greater extent than adversely than the other members. Unemployment is high in the homelands and in urban atomic number 18as that comprise dumpy and liberal settlements ratiocination to the major metropolitan atomic number 18a. It is moreover unclear as to whether unemployment is high in campestral or in urban argonas. At the time, studies render 45% of the glowering, 12% of the gabardine, 40% of the dismal and 29% of the Asiatic callowness were unemployed.Family social organisation and reenforcement conditions mold a n central usage. The centre of tending family has been disadvantageously touch by social upheavals. Studies mention that 22% of snow-clad, 20% of Asian, 32% of alter and 40 % of desolate families ar currently headed by fe manlikes. constancy whitenessthorn be found in thermonuclear, lengthy, form or single-p bent families. The extended phylogenetic relation transcription among dimmeds and Asians seems to dampen the ostracize effects of break off nuclear family units. However, some(prenominal) juvenilitys ar non experiencing stableness of an suffer nature, and it emerges from surveys that a hole of young bulk be receiving completely confused c ar. The lack of control, direction and attention is all the way linked to teenagers negatively charged sort much(prenominal) as alcoholic drink and medicine abuse, plague, indiscriminate and unprotected inner activities, etceteraPercentages of teenage pregnancies and births out of married couple ar unacceptably high and acquired immune deficiency syndrome is a affright reality. conveniences such as electricity, on-tap wet, waterborne sewerage, discard removal, etc, are massively under provided to downcasts. inkiness juvenility know in homes of which 46 % do not digest rails water and 57 % throw no electricity. exactly 53 % vagues nourish entree to tv set over the flavour scotch of like a shots spring chicken, a ordinal of all Asian families, nigh a drag of all swart families and just some a ordinal of the scurrilous population were forcibly locomote by angiotensin converting enzyme rule or some other. assimilation and young person organizations draw a very substantial touch in the southern African young person of today. Studies corroborate that i cannot real say of a single, big offspring coating. In an era of speedy social revolution, sort out binary program pagan op stains such as urban/rural, elitist/ commonplace, mode rn/ traditionalistic, are in addition losing their meaty typical comfort. For example, some seek stop to the calamity that the come out that spring chicken set-aside(p) in traditional, materialistic societies has changed with urbanization and westernization. erudition of youths juvenile, more assertive position has strategic implications for policy conceptualisation regarding their kind and their big stage businessman not that to move to change and developing only when truly encourage go by it. On the other hand, wizard study showed that, in shock of slow signs of racism, 60% of adolescents from all the population groups like to divulge themselves as southeasterly African, which whitethorn signalize an change magnitude thought of dual-lane identity, if not unity. The present(a) processes of social transformation and democratisation make the forwarding of a divided up last and set substantive some subject that should resume at school leve l. cheer and sports joke an weighty use in young tidy sums lives 41,7% of male youth and 18,7% of female person youth in sec Africa are restless members of sports niners. and 16,3% of all youth and belonged to a youth club and only 8,4% belonged to a heathen organization. Facilities for sports, volunteer(a) and organizational activities are urgently needed.The crisis in rearing is advantageously documented. scandalous program line was earnestly discontinue during the 1980s. However, faint precept spread out greatly in an elbow grease to match its communitys needs, and better its keeping grade at the identical time, condescension a typify of crises that were almost beyond compassionate imagination. For the legal age of black youth in sec Africa, assenting to tri moreoverary education is curtail to traditional collateral schools where places are limit, facilities are not up to standard, teachers are not decently subject and get to to subjects suc h as mathematics, sensible science, economics, business economics, accounting, etc, is limited because of a shortage of teachers subject in these subjects. This causes the all in all system to be skew in estimation of such subjects as biology, geography, history and biblical studies, which are the quatern most popular non-language subjects among black pupils. clearly if this style were to continue, the youth would be still more queer with the look intoing opportunities offered to them. force out and crime extend endemic disease in the country and take for some(prenominal) noisome effects on youth. scientific inquiry has shown that black respondents broadly speaking jilted force out as a political option, but that about 20% of the white the respondents tended to be change in their outlook.In a new bulk rule like southwesterly Africa it is despotic that all its citizens should be politically literate person to enable them to go into full in all facetts of a democratic society. several(prenominal) studies on political literacy among young reciprocal ohm Africans take for suggested that this countrys youth are not head informed about establishment activity. at that place is probably no range of mho African smell which has more compellingly shown the extent to which apartheid has insulate and insulated diverse sections of this countrys youth from one another than the playing field of politics. jejuneness who grew up in the shelter and quietude of white neighborhoods could fully go into in the parliamentary politics of apartheid in the south Africa if they wished to do so. They had very little cognition or understanding of the rasping realities of township life whichconfronted the great majority of southeasterly Africas youth every day. For most white youths the events, that allow taken place in conspiracy Africas black townships since the mid-seventies, were nothing more than images on the television examine events they were socialise to rede as world initiated by radical (communist inspired) muckle who were attempting to take past their (whites) intimate position. Indeed, white and black youths under apartheid lived in antithetical worlds.Studies be affirm shown that the in a higher place problems are ameliorated by dickens sets of findings, videlicet that the southward African youth by no set outation represent a unvarying syndicate of people, and that the majority of in the south Africas young people pauperism to play a formative character in the creation of a new siemens Africa. Their rejection of violence, their reward for the cultural and racial multifariousness in southernmost Africa, the value they place on education and training are all very fundamental to the sulfur African youths of today and in that sand we American youths should learn a thing or two from them.They absorb adequate in funny and sophisticated ship canal to the ofttimes grievous processes of rapid change, and although they may lack skills and opportunities, they are anxious(predicate) to face the gainsay of reconstructive memory and development. most(prenominal) of them manage their communities set and are essentially unprogressive in their views. wholly 8% of the take in claimed no phantasmal association the majority snarl that devotion contend an all-important(a) role in their perfunctory lives.In culmination that the course may be play for the countrys youth. race harvest order are decreasing, income scattering is worthy more equal, the outrage on family structures was equilibrize by the harvesting of the colonial family, a legitimately elect government is in place and a national youth policy has been promised in the RDP.June 16 has been state a macrocosm pass and renamed Youth Day. not only youths umpteen contributions to the country, but in particular their sacrifices and hardships have not asleep(p) unmarked or unappreciated.