The Relationship Between Child Maltreatment And Delinquency

JUVENILE DELINQUENCY AND DRUG USE Childhood Maltreatment and Delinquency By Ebele Udeogalanya St. John’s University CRM 119 Dr. Marquis R. White October 22nd 2014 I. Introduction and Justification This thesis proposal hopes to examine the relationship between child maltreatment in the form of physical abuse, psychological and emotional abuse, sexual abuse and neglect and subsequent juvenile delinquency as well as future adult criminal offending. Physical abuse is defined at hitting, kicking, slapping, shaking, burning, pinching, hair pulling, biting, choking, throwing, shoving, whipping and paddling. Psychological and emotional abuse is defined as yelling, screaming, name-calling. Sexual abuse is defined as fondling, penetration, intercourse, exploitation ,pornography, child prostitution, group sex, oral sex. Neglect is defined as lack of supervision, inadequate housing or shelter, inadequate provision of food and water, abandonment, inappropriate clothing for weather, inadequate hygiene, and denial of medical or dental care. Juvenile delinquency will be operationalized by participating in acts including drug use and prostitution. This study will also examine the extent of med iating risk factors such as timing of maltreatment, gender, race, running away, sexual initiation, school problems etc. The justification for this research is to provide empirical backing for structured policy and intervention curbed at eliminating the effects ofShow MoreRelatedChildhood Abuse And Its Effects On Children Essay1521 Words   |  7 Pagesfour children suffer abuse. An estimated 702,000 children were confirmed by child protective services as being victims of abuse and neglect in 2014. (CDC, 2016) Studies have found abused and neglected children to be at least 25% more likely to experience problems such as delinquency, teen pregnancy and low academic achievement. (CDC, 2016) A National Institute of Justice study indicated that being abused or neglected as a child increased the likelihood of arrest as juvenile by 59%. Abuse and neglectRead MoreIdentifying the Factors which Are Likely to Result in Greater Delinquency among Abused Children2764 Words   |  12 Pagesoffend ers. One of the main causes of delinquency is maltreatment, especially during the early stages of life. This has been identified as the main risk factor for delinquency among children. However, there are variations in maltreated children who later become juvenile delinquents. Recent studies show that a significant percentage of children who are abused do not necessarily become juvenile delinquents. This proves that there are other factors which contribute to delinquency among abused children. The essayRead MoreEffects of Child Abuse on Juvenile Delinquency4283 Words   |  18 PagesThe Effects of Child Abuse on Juvenile Delinquency Tyshenia Gavin Virginia State University Dr. Hodgson Abstract This literature review explores existing literature and scholarship that outlines the effects of early child abuse (2-8 years old) on future acts of delinquency. Literature suggests that a correlation exists between the effects of child abuse and delinquency. Common problematic behaviors are socialization changes and learning abilities fromRead MoreEnvironmental Factors Of Juvenile Delinquency988 Words   |  4 Pagesfactors can affect a child’s behavioral outcome. Knowing this, what environmental factors cause juvenile delinquency? â€Å"Each year, approximately 1.5 million adolescents are arrested in the United States, most are repeat offenders, and, in 2008 one in eight violent crimes was attributed to juveniles† (Leverso, Bielby, Hoelter, 2015, p 1). Understanding the environmental causes of juvenile delinquency allows society to better protect children from becoming offenders. This then can reduce the number ofRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency : Factors That Lead Yo uth1458 Words   |  6 PagesJuvenile Delinquency: Factors that lead youth to delinquency It has long been a problem why some children steal, damage properties and not others. Many researches have been done to know the main factor that lead youth to delinquency, and it has been learned that there is no single path to delinquency. Although much of the research on factors that youth face has focused on predicting serious and violent offenses. Many people wonder about the factors that lead youth to commit delinquency. There areRead MoreThe Effects Of Child Abuse On Children1951 Words   |  8 PagesChild Abuse is a huge social problem that affects children from all walks of life. It can have detrimental long-term negative consequences that forever change the lives of millions of people. It’s extremely important to understand the impact it has on the mental and social well-being of young adults and try to prevent the ongoing cycle of violence. As a society, we need to become more aware of how serious this problem is and try to intervene before the consequences affect future generations. TheoriesRead MoreThe First National Child Protection Legislation1434 Words   |  6 Pages â€Æ' Historical Justifications. In 1974, the first national child protection legislation, The Child Abuse Prevention and Treat Act (CAPTA) became effective to promote awareness to communities and states to engage in identifying and preventing child abuse (Stein 1984). In order to realize the objectives of the Act, abuse must be defined. Defining abuse is hard to set in stone, as one concern is whether both physical and emotional abuse should be included or only one (Stein 1984). Another concern isRead MoreThe Effects Of Juvenile Delinquency On Teens864 Words   |  4 Pagesin which it called juvenile delinquency. There are two terms that define juvenile delinquency, 1: conduct by a juvenile characterized by antisocial behavior that is a beyond parental control and therefore subject to legal action; 2: a violation of law committed by a juvenile and not punishable by death or live imprisonment. (Cite). In this topic, I will explain more about family factors in which it has major influence on teens such as the way parents discipline a child, parental conflict or separationRead MoreAdolescence And Young Adulthood : Young Relationships And Delinquency1436 Words   |  6 Pagescurrent culture, it is easy to assume that young relationships are innocent and do not enable any issues in the adolescents cognitive or physical development. The main concern of Ming Cui et al. is that dating in early adolescence can impede developmental adjustment (Serafini Rye Drysdale, 2013, pg. 253). The reason for this concern is that there is more research showing that there is an association between romantic relationships and delinquency in adolescence and young adulthood (Serafini RyeRead MoreChildhood Maltreatment And Delinquent Behavior Done By Stuewig And Mccloskey2319 Words   |  10 Pages2016; Widom, Maxfield 2001). Teen delinquency can be modeled after many risk factors such as video games, movies, or what happens in the streets, but the most effective variable comes before th e adolescent years (Wissow, 1995). So the purpose of this literature review is to present how childhood maltreatment causes change in teen violence through the use of qualitative and quantitative research from recent studies. A research study linking childhood maltreatment and delinquent behavior done by Stuewig

The Burgundian Wars Battle of Nancy

In late  1476, despite earlier defeats at Grandson and Murten, Duke Charles the Bold of  Burgundy  moved to besiege the city of Nancy which had been taken by Duke Rene II of Lorraine earlier in the year. Fighting severe winter weather, the Burgundian army encircled the city and Charles hoped to win a swift victory as he knew Rene to be gathering a relief force. Despite the siege conditions, the garrison at Nancy remained active and sortied against the Burgundians. In one foray, they succeeded in capturing 900 of Charless men. Rene Approaches Outside the city walls, Charless situation was made more complicated by the fact that his army was not linguistically unified as it possessed Italian mercenaries, English archers, Dutchmen, Savoyards, as well as his Burgundian troops. Acting with financial support from Louis XI of France, Rene succeeded in assembling 10 to 12,000 men from Lorraine and the Lower Union of the Rhine. To this force, he added 10,000 Swiss mercenaries. Moving deliberately, Rene began his advance on Nancy in early January. Marching through the winter snows, they arrived south of the city on the morning of Jan. 5, 1477. The Battle of Nancy Moving swiftly, Charles began deploying his smaller army to meet the threat. Making use of the terrain, he positioned his army across a valley with a small stream to its front. While his left was anchored on the River Meurthe, his right rested on an area of thick woods. Arranging his troops, Charles positioned his infantry and thirty field guns in the center with his cavalry on the flanks. Assessing the Burgundian position, Rene and his Swiss commanders decided against a frontal assault believing that it could not succeed. Instead, the decision was made to have the largely Swiss vanguard (Vorhut) move forward to attack Charless left, while the center (Gewalthut) swung to the left through the forest to attack the enemy right. After a march that lasted around two hours, the center was in position slightly behind Charless right. From this location, the Swiss alpenhorns sounded three times and Renes men charged down through the woods. As they slammed into Charless right, his cavalry succeeded in driving off their Swiss opposites, but his infantry was soon overwhelmed by superior numbers. As Charles desperately began shifting forces to realign and reinforce his right, his left was driven back by Renes vanguard. With his army collapsing, Charles and his staff frantically worked to rally their men but with no success. With the Burgundian army in mass retreat toward Nancy, Charles was swept along until his party was surrounded by a group of Swiss troops. Attempting to fight their way out, Charles was struck in the head by a Swiss halberdier and killed. Falling from his horse, his body was found three days later. With the Burgundians fleeing, Rene advanced to Nancy and lifted the siege. Aftermath While the casualties for the Battle of Nancy are not known, with Charless death the Burgundian Wars effectively came to an end. Charless Flemish lands were transferred to the Hapsburgs when Archduke Maximilian of Austria married Mary of Burgundy. The Duchy of Burgundy reverted to French control under  Louis XI. The performance of the Swiss mercenaries during the campaign further bolstered their reputation as superb soldiers and led to their increased use across Europe.

Unit 3 Getting Started with Microsoft Office PowerPoint Free Essays

————————————————- Top of Form * ————————————————- * ————————————————- View * ————————————————- * ————————————————- * ————————————————- * ————————————————- * ———————à ¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€- Preferences Prev| | | Table Of Contents | | | Next| Unit 3: Getting Started with Microsoft Office PowerPoint for ICT4D Applications in Core Sectors of Development  » Assignment 9: ICT4D Applications in your Sector of Development | Bookmark it! | My Bookmarks | Unit 3: Getting Started with Microsoft Office PowerPoint for ICT4D Applications in Core Sectors of Development | Assignment 9: ICT4D Applications in your Sector of Development| | The purpose of this assignmentStudents who successfully complete this assignment will be able to present critical arguments around ICTs for development projects and demonstrate their capabilities related to engaging with textual and numerical data to present information in a presentation format. Locate any project where ICTs were applied in contexts such as those described in this chapter, in your local community, own city, province or country, or elsewhere in the world and/or that you have been involved with. Ensure that you identify the following aspects in your case study: 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Unit 3: Getting Started with Microsoft Office PowerPoint or any similar topic only for you Order Now Title of the project 2. Website address(es) that provide information about the project 3. Introduction Background, including details on the project * Rationale (what was the reason for the project/why was it needed? ) * Start date, duration (this far) and status (ongoing, completed, etc. ) 4. A description of the project, including details on * The ICT4D solutions that was used in the project * The strengths and weaknesses of the project 5. You could also add things like * Major partners * Major stakeholders * Who initiated the process? * Who were the target beneficiaries? * Who were the service providers? * How did the initiative work? * Was there a local champion (some-one from the local community who represented the interests of that community)? Create a PowerPoint presentation of no more than 8 slides that provide the information as detailed above. Submit your presentation via the Dropbox facility. Assessment rubric for Assignment 9| 0| Nothing submitted| 0%| 1 2 3 4| One or more, but NOT all, of the required aspects have been addressed| 10% 20% 30% 40%| 5| All required aspects have been addressed| 50%| 6 7 8| Additional aspects added and/or A project from the student’s local community, own city, province or country and/or that the student was involved with is presented| 65% 75% 85%| 9| Exceptional, ground breaking work| 100%| | | Prev| | | Table Of Contents | | | Next| | Licensed under Creative Commons 2011 U Reddi | Bottom of Form How to cite Unit 3: Getting Started with Microsoft Office PowerPoint, Essay examples

Access To Health Care For Australian Cultural Groups

Question: Discuss about the Access To Health Care For Australian Cultural Groups. Answer: Introduction Health care has improved the societal living standards by ensuring that all health problems are attended to in the best why possible. Through the department of health in the government, every location is considered in the improvement of the health standards to provide better service to the community. Every health problem identified is dealt with in the best way possible by the qualified doctors. Cases that cannot be solved through the capabilities of the national health problem, the international health bodies are consulted to ensure that cases like cancers receive the best care. Although the ministry of health in collaboration with the private sector are trying to achieve their best in providing best health care, some challenges are always experienced by the citizens. Due to the increased population, the Constitution has supported the private sector to indulge into the sector to improve the service provisions by providing solutions to medical issues experienced. The health care systems have been improving from time to time to make sure that there, not medical problems are left undissolved. Although the government among other groups might view the provision of healthcare as ethical, there might be issues with balancing the cultural beliefs and accessing health care in the community. For example, a specific cultural group might be believing that people should not be accessing health care, rather they should be healed through their traditional methods (Guzys and Petrie, 2013). People with different originalities inhabit the Australian state. These cultures include the Australian Aboriginal and Culturally and Linguistically Diverse communities (CALD). Therefore, this paper will focus on barriers experienced by both cultures in access to health care and the possible strategies to be used in improving the services. Australian Aboriginal Culture The Aboriginal culture in Australia consists of people whose origin is based on the Australian country, and their practice and beliefs are based on Dreamtime theory. There are several barriers to access to health care for the Aboriginal culture in Australia. These problems are highly experienced by people living in most remotes areas in the country. The barriers have been observed through various research works conducted by the government among other independent bodies. The main barriers affecting the sufficient access to health care among the aboriginal culture include language and communication, telecommunications, service providers trust and transport services (Durey et al., 2013). Barriers to Health Care for Aboriginal Culture Language and Communication Research that was funded by the government was conducted in 2008 to check whether the aboriginals spoke a language that could be understood by their equivalent service providers. This was a government idea to check how efficient were the services offered by the government to the citizens, especially to the field of health (Kunitz and Brady, 2010). The national language in Australia is English, but some people do not understand or speak the language because of lack of knowledge. Based on the research results, around 13% of the Aboriginal culture had another main language other than the national language. Rather, the main language in some localities is not English, which made it difficult to communicate with the health professionals. Amongst this percentage, 46% were perceived to originate from the remote areas in the country, and 2% were from urban areas. Further, the results showed that around 15% of these people were not in a position to communicate in English. For the people of age s 55years and above had the highest percentage (24%) of people who could not communicate in English. This indicated that the government had a great task to solve the societal problem (Blackwell, 2013). Telecommunications There was a great difference in percentages between the people who were connected to the internet between the residents of remote and non-remote areas. Based on research conducted by National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Social Survey (NATSISS), 98% of the aboriginals had access to telephones regardless of the type of phone. However, 40%, 20%, and 19% used home landlines, public phones, and others respectively. Figure 1: Phone usage among the remote and non-remote aboriginal residents (Abs, 2010) Service Providers Trust Trust is a paramount element that is factored in the service industry. The doctor should trust their patients in cases of requests for services otherwise the quality of service will be low. The residents should also trust the local hospitals and the workers to ensure that they do not perceive negative thoughts. A higher level of trust will mean that every person can seek medical assistance from the doctors at any time (Liaw et al., 2011). Based on trust study conducted among the aboriginals, some people stated they had trust issues with the doctors and the hospitals. However, a larger percentage was ok with the number medical centers and the health practitioners (Henderson, Kendall and See, 2011). Figure 2: Trust among the aboriginal culture (Abs, 2010) Transportation In some localities, the distance from home places to the medical centers required an efficient means of transport. It was observed if a person perceived an illness, it took a lot of time before medical help could be acquired. Due to the insufficiency in transport services, they could not access the health services easily whenever there was a need. Around 66% of the aboriginals in Australia could access means on transport any time they need, either public or private. However, statistics showed that only 7% were able to obtain transport services on emergencies, which means people who incurred emergent medical cases had high probabilities of survival. Around 32% of the people from remote areas who are unable to access transport services when needed among the aboriginal culture. These statistics shows that there is some significant percentage of individuals who are not able to access transport services when needed (Durey et al., 2013). Strategies to Promote Health Care Among Aboriginals Some strategies are supposed to be practiced to avoid the effects of the barriers in the society. The strategic practices should be focused on providing remedies to the existing societal problems. Firstly, because the community experiences an issue in communication, the government is supposed to educate people from these localities to become doctors so that they can efficiently serve the community. Otherwise, they can employ translators who will help people who cannot communicate in English effectively. These are some of the remedies for the language and communication barriers (Larson et al., 2011). Availability of telecommunication services helps people be informed about the changes in the technological world. Due to the improvements in technology, health information services are also found on the internet, thus helping the society be prevented from minor health cases. Therefore, raising the level of telecommunication access will also reduce the rate of unattended health case by raising the communities intelligence. The quality of health service offered by the hospitals should be raised, which increases the level of trust between the citizens and the doctors/hospitals. Qualified personnel should be employed in every single health center to cater almost all medical problems in the society (Liaw et al., 2011). Finally, the government should improve the construction of social facilities closer to the remote areas to reduce the distance covered by individual seeking for medical help. Transportation services should also be an improvement in the country by constructing roads, which raises the chances of acquiring private or public vehicles whenever needed. If these barriers are effectively managed, the social status of the aboriginal will be improved by reducing their mortality rates and increasing the efficiency of acquiring medical assistance (Steffens, Jamieson, and Kapellas, 2016). Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Communities The culturally and linguistically diverse communities are perceived to be a combination of different ethnic groups who originates from different parts of the globe. These groups have diverse socio-cultural beliefs, and they varied by their religions. There are several barriers to effective health care that are experienced by the CALD communities in living in Australia. Some of these barriers are knowledge and information about available medical services, personal experiences with healthcare professionals, differences in socio-cultural and religious beliefs and influences from significant others based on health perception (Adebayo, Durey, and Slack-Smith, 2016). Barriers to Health Care for CALD Communities Knowledge about Available Health Services Some individuals in the Australian state who are associated with the CALD communities might not be informed about the available medical health services in the country. Therefore, these particular people might suffer from some health problems that can be treated in the available health centers. For instance, a patient from foreign countries might be suffering from diabetes, a disease that can be treated in specific health centers but because of insufficient information, the condition may worsen. There might be community-based support groups that educate/inform diabetes patients on how to manage their conditions (Alzubaidi et al., 2015). Without information about the existence of such groups, the patients might not enjoy such health services. If people do not acquire the required information, they will not be involved in ongoing advice from the medical practitioners about preventions and interventions to serious societal health problems (Cross et al., 2014). Personal Experiences With Medical Practitioners Individuals from different areas in the globe will tend to have personal perceptions about hospitals and health services. Therefore, there might be problems with the way the individuals from the CALD communities interact with the doctors (MHCS, 2010). There might be cases of language barriers which leads to either misunderstanding or insufficient communication. With the differences in the communication, the patient will not receive the required medical assistance. Individuals who will be communicating in a different language will have higher chances of failed trust for the doctors compared to patients speaking in English (Australian Government | Health Department, 2011). This is because if the doctor understands the core health problem, medical assistance will be offered quickly as compared to a person whose medical issue is not yet known. The considerations of the social and emotional factors by the doctor is very important for effective medical care. It can be disappointing if a pa tient is blamed for a disease suffered by the medical practitioners. Religious and Socio-Cultural Beliefs Communities have different religious and socio-cultural belief, whereby some are attached to the way they receive medical/health services. Some individuals might be born into a culture that fears a diagnosis of certain diseases to avoid being informed that they are victims. There are some other religious beliefs, especially in Islamic culture who believe that the human life is transient, and much should not be consulted in search for life extension (Cross et al., 2014). Therefore, people from this religion might not acquire continued sufficient medical assistance because it is not according to their beliefs. Also, cultures believe that some specific health problems are as a result of a curse, and medical help should not be sought; rather they should wait and face their wrath. All these beliefs affect the delivery and access to health care services. Influence from significant others Every individual has colleagues whom they respect and consult in every individual case. These people can affect the efficiency of the people from CALD communities accessing health care effectively. This is because they might offer wrong health advice to their friends who are in need of urgent medical assistance. For instance, a fellow might speak out about the symptoms being identified but due to assumptions, advice from friends might be inadequate for this particular case. In cases when an individual is advised to wait for recovery without seeing the doctor might lead to severe medical cases. Remedies for Barriers of Access to Health Care Services for CaldCommunities Firstly, the CALD communities in the Australian continent should be informed about the available hospitals and health services in their localities. This will help reduces cases of severe effects caused due to lack of information. This information can be provided through internet medical services or manuals to all the people entering the country. Solutions should be provided to the experienced problems in the health care provision systems. For instance, language barrier problem can be solved by employing language translation services. Research should be conducted to evaluate the efficiency of health services provided to help curb the extremely negative effects (Dowling, 2014). Health advice should be provided to individuals who are reported to be suffering by encouraging them to seek medical assistance where possible. This will help people having issues of culture and religion opt seeking medical help whenever they feel unwell. Finally, there should be community-based support groups t hat teach individuals about the importance of consulting the doctor whenever there is a need. References Abs, (2010). 4704.0 - The Health and Welfare of Australia's Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples, Oct 2010. [Online] Abs.gov.au. Available at: https://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/lookup/4704.0Chapter960Oct+2010 [Accessed 21 Jul. 2016]. Adebayo, B., Durey, A. and Slack-Smith, L. (2016). Culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) carers' perceptions of oral care in residential aged care settings in Perth, Western Australia. Gerodontology, p.n/an/a. Alzubaidi, H., Mc Namara, K., Browning, C. and Marriott, J. (2015). Barriers and enablers to health care access and use among Arabic-speaking and Caucasian English-speaking patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a comparative qualitative study. BMJ Open, 5(11), pp.e008687-e008687. Australian Government|Health Department, (2011). Department of Health | People from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds. [Online] Health.gov.au. Available at: https://health.gov.au/internet/publications/publishing.nsf/Content/mental-pubs-p-mono-toc~mental-pubs-p-mono-pop~mental-pubs-p-mono-pop-cul [Accessed 21 Jul. 2016]. Blackwell, W. (2013). Guidelines on the provision of sustainable eye care for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians. Clinical and Experimental Optometry, 96(4), pp.422-423. Cross, W., Cant, R., Manning, D. and McCarthy, S. (2014). Addressing information needs of vulnerable communities about incontinence: A survey of ten CALD communities. Collegian, 21(3), pp.209-216. Dowling, M. (2014). A guide to interpreting not just the words but the meaning intended (A DVD to support interpreters, health care, pastoral and spiritual care staff involved in end of life and organ donation discussions with culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) families). Australian Critical Care, 27(1), p.53. Durey, A., Wynaden, D., Barr, L. and Ali, M. (2013). Improving forensic mental health care for Aboriginal Australians: Challenges and opportunities. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 23(3), pp.195-202. Guzys, D. and Petrie, E. (2013). An Introduction to Community and Primary Health Care in Australia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Henderson, S., Kendall, E. and See, L. (2011). The effectiveness of culturally appropriate interventions to manage or prevent chronic disease in culturally and linguistically diverse communities: a systematic literature review. Health Social Care in the Community, 19(3), pp.225-249. Kunitz, S. and Brady, M. (2010). Health care policy for Aboriginal Australians: the relevance of the American Indian experience. Australian Journal of Public Health, 19(6), pp.549-558. Larson, B., Herx, L., Williamson, T. and Crowshoe, L. (2011). Beyond the barriers: family medicine residents attitudes towards providing Aboriginal health care. Medical Education, 45(4), pp.400-406. Liaw, S., Lau, P., Pyett, P., Furler, J., Burchill, M., Rowley, K., and Kelaher, M. (2011). Successful chronic disease care for Aboriginal Australians requires cultural competence. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 35(3), pp.238-248. MHCS, (2010). About CALD Communities MHCS. [Online] MHCS. Available at: https://www.mhcs.health.nsw.gov.au/services/cald-community [Accessed 21 Jul. 2016]. Moyle, W., Parker, D. and Bramble, M. (2014). Care of older adults. 2nd ed. Cambridge University Press. Steffens, M., Jamieson, L. and Kapellas, K. (2016). Historical Factors, Discrimination and Oral Health among Aboriginal Australians. Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved, 27(1A), pp.30-45.